In today's rapidly evolving technologicallandscape, high-performance Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Electric Vehicle (EV) battery technologies are leading the industry's transformation. However, as these technologies continue to advance, the demand for electricity is also increasing sharply, resulting in more waste heat generated by the systems. To effectively address this cooling challenge, innovators have begun actively exploring various cooling solutions, among which liquid cooling technology stands out due to its exceptional cooling performance.

Advantages of Liquid Cooling
The reason why liquid cooling technology can shine among numerous cooling solutions lies mainly in its unique advantages.
Heat Capacity (Cp)
The heat capacity of liquid cooling is much higher than that of air cooling, meaning that liquids can absorb more heat. Heat capacity is a measure of a substance's ability to absorb heat, representing the energy required to raise or lower the temperature of unit mass of a substance by one degree. Taking water and air as examples, the heat capacity of water is 4.1813 joules per gram per kelvin (J/gK), while the heat capacity of air is only 1.0035 J/gK. In addition, commonly used coolants such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol also have heat capacities much higher than that of air. This high heat capacity characteristic allows liquid cooling to rapidly absorb and remove a large amount of heat in a short period, thereby effectively reducing system temperature.
Density
The density of liquids is much greater than that of air, meaning that within the same volume, liquids contain much more mass than air. Taking water and air as examples, the density of water is 0.9982067 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), while the density of air is only 0.001204 g/cm³. Therefore, in a cooling system of the same volume, liquid cooling can utilize more mass to absorb heat, thereby improving cooling efficiency.
Synergy of Heat Capacity and Density
The advantage of liquid cooling lies not only in its high heat capacity and density but also in the synergy between these two factors. Due to the high heat capacity and density of liquids, they can rapidly absorb and remove a large amount of heat in a short period. Taking a volume of 100 cubic centimeters as an example, the heat that water can absorb is over 3000 times that of air. This efficient cooling performance makes liquid cooling an ideal choice for high-power-density systems such as high-performance AI and EV batteries.

Why Isn't Liquid Cooling Used for Everything?
Despite the many advantages of liquid cooling technology, it is not a panacea. In practical applications, liquid cooling also faces some challenges.
Firstly, liquid cooling systems require complex piping, manifolds, pumps, and accessories to circulate the liquid. This not only increases the complexity and cost of the system but may also lead to maintenance difficulties.
Secondly, there are risks of leakage and water damage with liquid cooling. Once a leak occurs in the system, it will not only affect cooling performance but may also cause damage to other parts of the system. Therefore, advanced technologies such as smart sensors, software, and system redundancy are needed to prevent leakage risks.
Furthermore, due to the high density of liquids, their fluidity is relatively poor, requiring a more powerful pumping system to provide sufficient power. This increases the energy consumption and complexity of the system.

Lori's Role in Liquid Cooling
Facing the challenges of liquid cooling technology, Lori has become a leader in this field with its decades of experience in high-reliability liquid cooling systems.
Lori reliably cools high-power loads by improving designs and mitigating the challenges of liquid cooling systems. We not only provide one-stop services such as liquid cooling solutions, advanced components, and system design but also excel in thermal simulation and modeling, cooling innovations, and other areas. Additionally, Lori has global large-scale manufacturing capabilities and offers 100% online leak testing services to ensure the quality and reliability of each liquid cooling system.
In summary, with the continuous development of high-performance AI and EV battery technologies, liquid cooling technology has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional cooling performance. Despite facing some challenges in practical applications, with the technological innovations and high-quality services of leading companies such as Lori, we have reason to believe that liquid cooling technology will continue to play an important role in the future, providing efficient and reliable cooling solutions for high-power-density systems such as high-performance AI and EV batteries.